Inside the Mouse: Work and Play at Disney World

Inside the Mouse: Work and Play at Disney World (1995)
By The Project on Disney

Synopsis: This book seeks to interrogate pleasure and to analyze the Disney World phenomenon, and is a collaboration between four different academics who all give their take on separate Disney-World-related topics, including nostalgia, heteronormativity, simulacra, etc. There is not necessarily one overarching argument, but instead many, including the idea that our culture "condemns carnival: the bawdy and rude revel of the appetites and its consequent waste and dissipation" (3). Disney World arises as the anti-carnival (though the huge heads of its characters are a form of the grotesque - but kind of the baby grotesque). Though the book is highly critical of Disney, threads of utopianism run throughout the book, especially as utopian impulses are often embedded within consumer products, and the way various views of the future are seen as new beginnings and perhaps calls for radical change. Disney World really is all about consumption, and channels our desire for a utopian sense of community into mere consumerism. Disney World also is completely about heteronormativity and the exaltation of the family. All of the fun there is highly contained and structured, and there is no sense of spontaneity or of subversiveness (hence the "anti-carnival" thing). The pleasure of D.W. is thus, "identifying with a dominant ideology and the role it assigns us" (74). Disneyfication is "the application of simplified aesthetic, intellectual, or moral standards to a thing that has the potential for more complex and though-provoking expression" (103). Hmm, that's sad. Basically, book is saying that people today have limited options.

Interesting Specifics:

Antimodernist and utopian impulses are at cross purposes (224).

Says our culture clearly "condemns carnival: the bawdy and rude revel of the appetites and its consequent waste and dissipation" (3).

Says maybe obesity is partly an "active resistance to a perceived bourgeois norm" (3). [This is an interesting line of thought - that eating fast food and getting fat could be seen as an active move of rebellion. Also creepy though, because could you then say that our craving for revelry has been channeled into a love of fast food? How pointless and non-cathartic.].

Kids love to stay in motels and hotels - Great chapter!! Says that staying in a motel is exciting for kids because it represents independence and "an unconscious social yearning for security and community" (8). Also good because it takes them away from normal school day, which is really an "indoctrination" into the "adult" work world.

"Embedded in the notion that tomorrow initiates a new beginning is a utopian desire for radical change" (39).

Tourism represents a "quest for experience" (45).

One author seeks to discover "how the pleasure we feel at Walt Disney World is negotiated through an ongoing process of identification with and - at least in part, one hopes - evasion of the ideal subject constructed by Disney's tireless 'Imagineers'" (57).

Whereas t.o.c Coney Island was full of subversive games like smashing up fake fancy china and crystal, Disney World "rather than providing opportunities to violate social proprieties, everything in the park is designed to confirm them and make doing so fun" (61). DW keeps people isolated, while Coney Island was all about jostling and mixing it up.

"Human adults do not exist in Disney World except as parents" (69). [Is this just encouraging childhood solipsism?]

The pleasure of DW is "identifying with a dominant ideology and the role it assigns us" (74).

"All expressions of mass culture include contradictory utopian impulses, which may be buried or depicted in distorted form, but nevertheless generate much of the satisfaction of mass cultural commodities (whether the consumer recognizes them as utopian or not)" (190).

Has a cool chapter on the design of DW hotels.

Interacts With:

Goss article, "The World in a Shopping Mall" (I think that's the title - idea that "stuff" kind of represents utopian longings - though Goss article is way more positive)

Foucault (in belief that all mass culture phenomena contain elements of utopianism)

Was it Barthes or Hall who talked about the two different kinds of pleasure - the pleasure of following social conventions and the pleasure of dodging them? Whoever it was, this book kind of relates to that idea - the D.W. is all about pleasure of following conventions. That's actually kind of an interesting concept - I wonder which style ultimately gives more pleasure - following or subverting the norm? Prob subverting, but you never now. Do you get some kind of group/communal feeling out of following it? Or is that group too massive to result in a group feeling??
Amusing the Million (contrast between t.o.c. carnivals and Disney-esque stuff today)

The Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Values in Disney's Brave New Town

The Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Values in Disney's Brave New Town (1999)
By Andrew Ross

Synopsis: Andrew Ross spent one year living and doing participant observation in Celebration, Florida in order to see what it was like to live there - to discover its problems, its residents, the general attitude there, its issues, etc. Though it's very American in its desire to start from scratch and create something new, Celebration has its good and bad points, like all other towns. Though Celebration's marketers rely heavily on allusions to "childhood innocence" and "the good old days," it is a high tech place with a progressive alternative public school that parents tend to squabble over (Ross claims it's because they viewed the school as a consumer product that may not have been delivering results). Ross also points out that many residents were angry about the "shoddy construction" of Celebration's homes. Basically, asks a few questions: Can a corporation provide a public realm? is this just another privatopia? What about taste/aesthetics? Is it the shape itself of New Urbanism that increases a sense of community, or is it the people who seek that out?

Interesting Specifics:

Celebration is all about the "iconography of innocence" (16).

Contains an interesting section on model home interiors and market research (pp. 25-27).

Attacks Kunstler for his "crotchety version of orderly civic conduct" (76) and says it is "stuffed with contempt for lower-middle-class taste" (76).

New Urbanism clings hard to the belief that "the design of a physical environment has a fundamental impact upon social behavior" (78).

"The closer people live to one another the more likely they are to guard their privacy" (85).

Pattern books contain all the design a developer could use.

Public schools have long been seen as "the unique source of American national unity" (138).

Spends a lot of time examining Celebration's school, which can be seen as its one utopian element - and which has been, ironically, the source of most of the city's controversy.

Says that the trend of saying "it's not natural to notice skin color" is just the latest from of racism (270).

There's a seedy tourist attraction called "Old Town" right near Celebration.

Interacts With:
Behind the Gates, Brave New Neighborhoods, Building Suburbia

Country of Exiles: The Destruction of Place in American Life

Country of Exiles: The Destruction of Place in American Life
By William Leach (1999)

Synopsis: Asks: What is this cast landscape of the temporary doing to us, and how did it come about? Since the 1970s or so there has been an incredible weakening of place in the lives of ordinary people, and the wearing away of this sense of place-connection is dangerous. We've become too obsessed with a freedom from history and freedom from place, and we need to reestablish the importance of place in order to connect to one another and to feel whole. Includes a discussion of transportation and the flow of global goods; yuppies and businessmen have replaced bohemians and the literary "higher goal" types by constructing a bland landscape of the temporary full of extended-stay hotels; Indian casinos (ironic) and gambling places as substitutes for "real" place; universities are more linked to global flow; "new cosmopolitanism" says it's good to not be tied to anything, but Leach says this is bad. Basically, Leach is all about regrounding us in a stronger sense of place and of the local. Says that all great art has arisen from a strong sense of place. Without this, we weaken and fragment as a nation. I think this can be seen as kind of a nostalgic and conservative book - seems like it should have appeared in 1993 and not 1999.

Interacts With:
Lure of the Local, Variation on a Theme Park (not on this list), Celebration Chronicles, Geography of Nowhere (not on list)